Modified brinley plots: advantages and disadvantages

Accepted manuscrip

Examining hope as a transdiagnostic mechanism of change across anxiety disorders and CBT treatment protocols.

Hope is a trait that represents the capacity to identify strategies or pathways to achieve goals and the motivation or agency to effectively pursue those pathways. Hope has been demonstrated to be a robust source of resilience to anxiety and stress and there is limited evidence that, as has been suggested for decades, hope may function as a core process or transdiagnostic mechanism of change in psychotherapy. The current study examined the role of hope in predicting recovery in a clinical trial in which 223 individuals with 1 of 4 anxiety disorders were randomized to transdiagnostic cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), disorder-specific CBT, or a waitlist controlled condition. Effect size results indicated moderate to large intraindividual increases in hope, that changes in hope were consistent across the five CBT treatment protocols, that changes in hope were significantly greater in CBT relative to waitlist, and that changes in hope began early in treatment. Results of growth curve analyses indicated that CBT was a robust predictor of trajectories of change in hope compared to waitlist, and that changes in hope predicted changes in both self-reported and clinician-rated anxiety. Finally, a statistically significant indirect effect was found indicating that the effects of treatment on changes in anxiety were mediated by treatment effects on hope. Together, these results suggest that hope may be a promising transdiagnostic mechanism of change that is relevant across anxiety disorders and treatment protocols.R01 MH090053 - NIMH NIH HHSAccepted manuscrip

Experiential avoidance as a mechanism of change across cognitive-behavioral therapy in a sample of participants with heterogeneous anxiety disorders

Despite the substantial evidence that supports the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of anxiety and related disorders, our understanding of mechanisms of change throughout treatment remains limited. The goal of the current study was to examine changes in experiential avoidance across treatment in a sample of participants (N = 179) with heterogeneous anxiety disorders receiving various cognitive-behavioral therapy protocols. Univariate latent growth curve models were conducted to examine change in experiential avoidance across treatment, followed by parallel process latent growth curve models to examine the relationship between change in experiential avoidance and change in anxiety symptoms. Finally, bivariate latent difference score models were conducted to examine the temporal precedence of change in experiential avoidance and change in anxiety. Results indicated that there were significant reductions in experiential avoidance across cognitive-behavioral treatment, and that change in experiential avoidance was significantly associated with change in anxiety. Results from the latent difference score models indicated that change in experiential avoidance preceded and predicted subsequent changes in anxiety, whereas change in anxiety did not precede and predict subsequent changes in experiential avoidance. Taken together, these results provide additional support for reductions in experiential avoidance as a transdiagnostic mechanism in cognitive-behavioral therapy.First author draf

Construction Superintendent Skill Sets

This is the first of a series of articles reviewing the results of an ongoing qualitative research project designed to document construction superintendent skill sets and develop postsecondary curricula to support superintendent education. Varying views of the role of the superintendent and an historical perspective are presented in a review of literature. The research methodology for the entire project, as well as this first phase, is presented. Data have been coded and analyzed from the interviews with seven superintendents to date and the results of these analyses are provided. Themes that emerged in these interviews include people skills, understanding the work and sequencing, organizational and managerial skills, scheduling, estimating, cost control/awareness, work ethic, and learning from other people. Insights into how the role of the superintendent has changed and the preparation needed for future superintendents also are provided from these interviews. These preliminary results indicate there is a role for colleges and universities in developing these skill sets, and that construction superintendents now are doing tasks formerly thought to be the responsibility of project managers. The Technology Age coupled with our litigious society is forcing the construction superintendent into a new role

Current definitions of “transdiagnostic” in treatment development: A search for consensus

Research in psychopathology has identified psychological processes that are relevant across a range of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) mental disorders, and these efforts have begun to produce treatment principles and protocols that can be applied transdiagnostically. However, review of recent work suggests that there has been great variability in conceptions of the term “transdiagnostic” in the treatment development literature. We believe that there is value in arriving at a common understanding of the term “transdiagnostic.” The purpose of the current manuscript is to outline three principal ways in which the term “transdiagnostic” is currently used, to delineate treatment approaches that fall into these three categories, and to consider potential advantages and disadvantages of each approachFirst author draf

Expectancies, working alliance, and outcome in transdiagnostic and single diagnosis treatment for anxiety disorders: an investigation of mediation

Patients’ outcome expectancies and the working alliance are two psychotherapy process variables that researchers have found to be associated with treatment outcome, irrespective of treatment approach and problem area. Despite this, little is known about the mechanisms accounting for this association, and whether contextual factors (e.g., psychotherapy type) impact the strength of these relationships. The primary aim of this study was to examine whether patient-rated working alliance quality mediates the relationship between outcome expectancies and pre- to post-treatment change in anxiety symptoms using data from a recent randomized clinical trial comparing a transdiagnostic treatment (the Unified Protocol [UP]; Barlow et al., Unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders: Client workbook, Oxford University Press, New York, 2011a; Barlow et al., Unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders: Patient workbook. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017b) to single diagnosis protocols (SDPs) for patients with a principal heterogeneous anxiety disorder (n = 179). The second aim was to explore whether cognitive-behavioral treatment condition (UP vs. SDP) moderated this indirect relationship. Results from mediation and moderated mediation models indicated that, when collapsing across the two treatment conditions, the relationship between expectancies and outcome was partially mediated by the working alliance [B = 0.037, SE = 0.05, 95% CI (.005, 0.096)]. Interestingly, within-condition analyses showed that this conditional indirect effect was only present for SDP patients, whereas in the UP condition, working alliance did not account for the association between expectancies and outcome. These findings suggest that outcome expectancies and working alliance quality may interact to influence treatment outcomes, and that the nature and strength of the relationships among these constructs may differ as a function of the specific cognitive-behavioral treatment approach utilized.This study was funded by grant R01 MH090053 from the National Institutes of Health. (R01 MH090053 - National Institutes of Health)First author draf

Efficacy of the Unified Protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of comorbid psychopathology accompanying emotional disorders compared to treatments targeting single disorders

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine whether the Unified Protocol (UP), a transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders (i.e., anxiety, mood, and related disorders), is efficacious in the treatment of co-occurring emotional disorders compared to established single disorder protocols (SDPs) that target specific disorders (e.g., panic disorder). METHOD: Participants included 179 adults seeking outpatient psychotherapy. Participant age ranged from 18 to 66 years, with an average of 30.66 years (SD = 10.77). The sample was 55% female and mostly Caucasian (83%). Diagnostic assessments were completed with the Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule (ADIS), and disorder-specific, clinician-rated measures for the comorbid diagnoses of interest. RESULTS: In both treatment conditions, participants' mean number of diagnoses dropped significantly from baseline to posttreatment, and baseline to 12-month follow-up. Additionally, large effects were observed for changes in comorbid generalized anxiety (ESɢ: UP = −1.72; SDP = −1.98), social anxiety (ESɢ: UP = −1.33, −0.86; SDP = −1.60, −1.54), and depression (ESɢ: UP = −0.83; SDP = −0.84). Significant differences were not observed in between-group comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that both the UP and SDPs are efficacious in reducing symptoms of comorbid emotional disorders. The clinical, practical, and cost-effective advantages of transdiagnostic CBT are discussed.Please note the following financial disclosures/conflicts of interest: Dr. Barlow reported receiving royalties from Oxford University Press, United Kingdom (which includes royalties for the treatment manuals included in this study); Guilford Publications Inc., United States; Cengage Learning, United States; Pearson Publishing, United Kingdom. He reported receiving grants from the National Institute of Mental Health, United States (R01 MH090053) and the National Institute of Alcohol and Alcohol Abuse, United States (R01 AA023676). He reported serving as a consultant for and receiving honoraria from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, United States; the Foundation for Informed Medical Decision Making, United States; the Department of Defense, United States; the Renfrew Center, United States; the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;Universidad Catolica de Santa Maria, Peru); New Zealand Psychological Association, New Zealand; Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; Mayo Clinic, United States; and various American universities. (R01 MH090053 - National Institute of Mental Health, United States; R01 AA023676 - National Institute of Alcohol and Alcohol Abuse, United States)Accepted manuscrip

64 Orionis: Three-Dimensional Orbit and Physical Parameters

We have obtained radial velocities of the components of the short-period subsystem of the B-type triple star 64 Orionis, covering a full cycle of the long-period orbit since the date of our earlier paper by Fekel & Scarfe. We use all of our radial velocities, together with available speckle interferometry, to derive a three-dimensional orbit for the long-period system. The system has orbital periods of 14.57213 days and 12.98 yr. We also determine spectroscopically a magnitude difference at 4500 Å of 1.0 ± 0.1 between the components of the close pair. Although radial velocities of the third component continue to elude us, we are able to derive masses and luminosities for all three components by requiring that they lie within the populated band of the observed mass-luminosity relationship. With this constraint, the orbital parallax is 0farcs00374 ± 0farcs00017. Our results are consistent with the spectral types and colors derived previously and with the b magnitude difference determined by earlier lunar occultation observations, within the uncertainties of those parameters

Physical Properties of the Binary Star 12 Persei

We have obtained new radial velocities of the double-lined spectroscopic binary star 12 Persei, whose period is 331 days, and which has been resolved in recent years by speckle interferometry. We derive a solution for the orbital elements from the speckle and radial velocity data simultaneously, and find from that solution masses of 1.306 ± 0.035 and 1.172 ± 0.030 M☉ for the components, and an orbital parallax of 0farcs04224 ± 0farcs00056. We also determine spectroscopically the difference in magnitude between the components and, hence, their absolute magnitudes. We estimate their spectral types and individual colors by fitting standard-star colors to those observed and use those results to find effective temperatures, bolometric corrections, and radii, and hence surface gravities and mean densities for the components. Finally, we find projected rotational velocities. The stars seem to be well above the zero-age main sequence, but appear to have metallicities greater than the Sun; if so, they would lie closer to one appropriate to their metal content